Main uses of music in war
- Communication: bugle calls, drums, and fifes gave orders on the battlefield and in camp.
- Marching and coordination: bands helped troops keep pace and move together.
- Morale: songs and performances encouraged soldiers and civilians, inspired patriotism, and reduced fear or boredom.
- Routine and discipline: musical calls signaled waking, eating, assembly, and sleep.
- Emotional expression: wartime songs reflected homesickness, grief, hope, triumph, and resistance.


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